THE ALPHABET
A B C D E F G H I J K L
ei bi ci di i éf dgi eigh ai djei kei éll
M N O P Q R S T U
ém én ou pi quiu ar és ti iu
V W X
vi dableiú ecx
Y Z
uai zi or zed (British)
GRETINGS
The sun is rising.
It is a beautiful morning.
In the morning I say:
Good morning!
Now the sun is just above me.
It is noon.
In the afternoon I say:
Good afternoon!
The sun is setting.
The night is coming.
When the night is coming I say:
Good evening!
It is night.
When I go to bed I say:
Good night!
When I go away I say:
Goodbye!
Or:
See you later!
Or:
So long!
INTRODUCING PEOPLE
Pamela – Hello! Are you new in this school?
Daniel - Yes, I am.
Pamela – What is your name?
Daniel – My name is Daniel, but everybody calls me Dan.
Pamela – Nice to meet you, Dan. I am Pamela.
Daniel – Nice to meet you, too, Pamela.
Pamela – Come on, I want to introduce you to my teacher.
Daniel – OK.
Pamela – Teacher, this is Dan. He is new in this school.
Teacher – Oh, nice to meet you, Dan and welcome to our school.
More vocabulary:
Hi = Hello
My name is ___________ = I am
My name´s ________ = My name is
Please call me Beto = You may call me Beto*
* nickname
You can also say:
Pleased to meet you (too)
Glad to meet you
Grammar: Demonstrative pronoun
THIS
This is Jane.
my friend Michael.
"FAMILY TREE"
wife
husband
mother
father
son
daughter
sister
brother
grandmother
grandfather
grandson
grandfather
MORE VOCABULARY:
mother-in-law/father-in-law
daughter-in-law/son-in-law
sister-in-law/brother-in-law
parents/grandparents
children/grand-children
girlfriend/boyfriend
uncle
aunt
cousin
nephew
niece
EXERCISE
Complete the sentences about Bob´s family.
1) Bob is Rick´s grandfather
2) Sarah is Bob´s ………………………………
3) Bill is ……………………………………….
4) Kathy………………………………………..
5) Jeff ………………………………………….
6) Pauline ……………………………………...
7) Susan ……………………………………….
8) Gerald ………………………………………
9) Shirley ………………………………………
10) Rebecca …………………………………….
Grammar focus – The Genitive case.
- We normally use ´s when the first noun is a person or an animal.
Examples: Bob´s saxophone; the horse´s tail.
- With things we normally use “…of…”.
Example: The beginning of the story.
- After a plural noun (which ends in “-s”) we use only an apostrophe (´).
Examples: The boys´room; the girls´hats.
Note: Mr. is used for men.
Miss is used for single women.
Mrs. is used for married women.
Ms. is used for married, single or divorced women.
In English, sometimes women use just their husbands´names. However, it is common to see both, their names and their husbands´. For example: Mrs. Thomas-Hudson.
¨ Read the following names. Then write the titles accordingly.
Richard Johnson, 36, single
Donna Rogers, 45, married
Philip Loggins, 25, married
Rose Baker, 18, single
Christine Muller, 42, divorced
numbers
1 one 17 seventeen
2 two 18 eighteen
3 three 19 nineteen
4 four 20 twenty
5 five 21 twenty-one
6 six 22 twenty-two
7 seven 23 twenty-three
8 eight 30 thirty
9 nine 31 thirty-one
10 ten 40 forty
11 eleven 50 fifty
12 twelve 60 sixty
13 thirteen 70 seventy
14 fourteen 80 eighty
15 fifteen 90 ninety
16 sixteen 100 a hundred
Note:
100: a hundred or one hundred. After hundred use and.
105 one hundred and five 425 four hundred and twenty-five
107 a hundred and seven or 500 five hundred
one hundred and seven
540 five hundred and forty
120 a hundred and twenty
600 six hundred
200 two hundred
700 seven hundred
201 two hundred and one
800 eight hundred
300 three hundred
900 nine hundred
310 three hundred and ten
999 nine hundred and ninety-nine
400 four hundred
1000 one thousand
EXERCISES
1. Write the numbers below in words:
Example: 13 – thirteen
a. 45 l. 888
b. 17 m. 25
c. 30 n. 32
d. 52 o. 49
e. 127 p. 61
f. 552 q. 648
g. 1064 r. 793
h. 329 s. 991
i. 230 t. 1114
j. 457 u. 2000
k. 95
Are you a math expert??
- 10 + 45 =
- 100 – 71=
- 28 + 31=
- 71 + 11=
- 58 + 14=
- 41 – 16=
- 22 – 4=
- 19 + 14=
3. Continue:
a. 7 × 4 + = 35
b. 48 ÷ 2 - ____ = 14
c. 12 × 5 ÷ ____ = 15
d. 90 – 40 × ____ = 100
4. Unscramble these words.
- TESVENY RUFO
- TENINY VIFE
COLORS
WHITE
RED
BLACK
GREEN
YELLOW
BROWN
PINK
BLUE
ORANGE
GREY OR GRAY
Light – Dark
Para indicar que uma cor é mais fraca (clara) ou mais forte, o inglês usa os adjetivos light (claro, leve) e dark (escuro). Exemplo: light blue: azul-claro; dark blue: azul-escuro.
The Rainbow
It is red, orange, yellow, green, blue, índigo and violet.
Text: Colors
Ellen – Look at the ballons!
Carol – How beautiful they are!
Ellen – Look at the white one!
Carol – That one high in the sky?
Ellen – Yes. It is beautiful.
Carol – I prefer those on the ground. They are more beautiful and bright.
Ellen – Can you tell me what colors they are?
Carol – Sure. Some are red, yellow and blue. Others are black, white, green, grey and pink.
SEASONS
SPRING
It is spring. The air is warm and the weather is mild.
Flowers bloom everywhere.
The grass and the trees are very green.
The birds fly in feast and sing all day long.
In Brazil spring begins on the twenty-second of September but in England and in the United States it begins on the twenty-first of March.
SUMMER
It is summer.
The weather is very hot.
In summer we generally go to the beach.
It is fun to play in the sand, build sand-castles, fly kites, play football or volleyball, swim and rest in the shade of a sunshade.
AUTUMN (FALL)
After summer comes autumn.
They weather is usually cool.
The leaves of the trees change their color and fall.
The sky is generally gray and rainy.
Many people pick ripe fruit in the orchards.
In autumn some birds migrate to warm regions.
WINTER
Winter is a very cold season.
The days are short and the nights are long.
In some countries the snow covers the land with a white blanket.
In winter it is funny to play in the snow making snowmen and skiing in the mountains.
Months of the Year – Days of the Week
MONTHS
January July
February August
March September
April October
May November
June December
DAYS OF THE WEEK
Sunday – Monday – Tuesday – Wednesday – Thursday – Friday – Saturday
MORE VOCABULARY:
today
tomorrow
weekend
yesterday
holiday
last/next week
Note:
Days of the week: initial capital letter;
Months of the year: initial capital letter;
Seasons: initial minuscule letter.
Grammar:
ON + days of the week
on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, etc.
Ordinal Numbers and Dates
ORDINAL NUMBERS
1st first 14th fourteenth 44th forty-fourth
2nd second 15th fifteenth 50th fiftieth
3rd third 16th sixteenth 52nd fifty-second
4th fourth 17th seventeenth 55th fifty-fifth
5th fifth 18th eighteenth 60th sixtieth
6th sixth 19th nineteenth 66th sixty-sixth
7th seventh 20th twentieth 70th seventieth
8th eighth 21st twenty-first 71st seventy-first
9th ninth 22nd twenty-second 77th seventy-seventh
10th tenth 30th thirtieth 80th eightieth
11th eleventh 31st thirty-first 88th eighty-eighth
12th twelfth 33rd thirty-third 90th ninetieth
13th thirteenth 40th fourtieth 100th a hundredth
Note:
De 20 em diante, só o último algarismo assume a forma do ordinal:
21st (twenty-first), 22nd (twenty-second), 23rd (twenty-third), “th” nos restantes.
O y final se transforma em -ieth
Dates:
1. We can write dates these ways:
22 September 1998 September 22, 1998 or
22nd September 1998 September 22nd, 1998
2. We can read dates these ways:
The twenty-second of September nineteen ninety-eight
September the twenty-second, nineteen ninety-eighty
3. It is easy to read years. Look:
1998 1970
nineteen ninety-eight nineteen seventy
EXERCISES
1. Look at the example and continue:
a) January is the first month of the year.
b) April
c) September
d) February
e) July
f) August
g) December
2. Answer the questions:
a) When is Paul´s birthday?
Paul´s birthday is on the fifteen of May. (or)
Paul´s birthday is on May the fifteenth.
b) When is Mary´s birthday? (27/12)
c) When is your birthday?
d) When is the Independence of Brazil? (7/9)
e) When is the Independence of the United States? (4/7)
countries and nationalities
In English language, the adjectives originated from names of countries are written with capital letters. Example: American, Brazilian, French, English, Italian, Spanish, German, Japanese, Chinese, Portuguese.
The adjective remains unchanged in the plural and before of noun:
American girl – American girls
American boy – American boys
beautiful girl – beautiful girls
beautiful bird – beautiful birds
Write with capital letters:
1) The personal pronoun “I” : I love you.
2) The first word in a sentence.: This is my house.
3) Names: Julia, Robert.
4) Nationalities: Brazilian, English
5) Languages: German, Greek, Spanish
6) Countries: Brazil, Italy, France 7) Days of the week: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday.
8) Months: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.
Note:
- Some countries have different words for the adjective and the person. In the cases both are given. Example: Swedish; Swede.
Adjective: I admire Swedish architecture
Person: My mother is a Swede.
- Words for the person ending in “-ese” and the nationality “Swiss”, remain unchanged in the plural.
I know many Japanese
The Swiss have arrived.
- In some cases, the adjective is also the word for the country´s language.
I am learning to speak Chinese.
- The Americas are divided into:
Grammar – Preposition of Place
IN
Where is _____________? = Where´s ____________?
It is __________= It´s __________
Examples: Where´s São Paulo? São Paulo is in Brazil. (or)
NOUN ADJECTIVE – PERSON
China Chinese
Colombia Colombian
Costa Rica Costa Rican
Great Britain British – Briton/Britisher (Great Britain and Northern Ireland) India Indian
Iran Iranian
Iraq Iraqi
Ireland Irish
Israel Israeli
Italy Italian
New Zealand New Zealander Nicaragua Nicaraguan
Nigeria Nigerian
Norway Palestinian
Paraguay Paraguayan
Peru Peruvian
Poland Polish
Portugal Portuguese
Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabian – Saudi South Africa South African The United States of America American Yugoslavia Yugoslav
Zaire Zairean
Zambia Zambian
Where are you from?
Cada idioma tem suas expressões próprias, chamadas expressões idiomáticas. A língua inglesa também tem as suas. Observe como os ingleses fazem uma pergunta tão comum: De onde você é? Ao contrário de nós, que colocamos a preposição “de” no começo da frase, eles a colocam no final. Observe:
Where are you from?
EXERCISES
- Follow the patterns:
a) United States – American Where are you from?
I am from the United States. I am American.
c) France – French
d) Palestine – Palestinian
- Make the question and then answer it according to the example:
Where is the Big Ben?
The Big Ben is in London.
b) The Eiffel Tower – Paris
- Each country has a special food or beverage (drink). Match the food or beverage to the respective country:
- Answer the questions according to the box above:
a) What do Brazilians like to drink?
They like to drink coffee.
b) What do Italians like to eat?
c) What do Chinese like to eat?
d) What do Germans like to drink?
e) What do English like to drink?
MATERIAL DE APOIO:
Student´s book 1 – Overture
Instituto Cultural Norte Americano
Immediate Conversation In English – Basic One – Fisk
Keller, Victoria. Steps teens: English in real life situations: 1st book – ensino fundamental – Manual do Professor. São Paulo: IBEP, 2004.
Keller, Victoria. Steps teens: English in real life situations: 2nd book – ensino fundamental – Manual do Professor. São Paulo: IBEP, 2004.
